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Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático
Anuncio de Señales y Frenado Automático ("Automatic Braking and Announcement of Signals" in English) is an Automatic Warning System widely deployed on the Spanish rail network. It consists of a mechanism that stops a train if the driver does not properly heed signals.
==Implementation==
ASFA is a directive of the Westcab intermittent train control technology commercialized by WABCO's Italian subsidiary and licensed to Dimetal of Spain for use on various Iberian rail systems. RENFE, the Spanish state-owned railway operator, was put in charge of the rail system in 1975. Before this, the rail networks of other countries had previously deployed similar systems which gave ASFA a technological advantage over its competitors.〔Railway System Controls, Jan 1975, pp. 20-21〕
It was progressively rolled out on all of the lines belonging to RENFE beginning with the principal lines and extending to practically the entire Spanish rail network totaling over 13,000 km of track, leaving few lines without ASFA installed. It is also widely deployed on narrow gauge railways belonging to FEVE and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana.
In 2005 Adif, the state-owned Administrator of Rail Infrastructure, began a systemic renewal process which would become known as "ASFA Digital". The changes in the new system do not affect the beacons, which continue to transmit their information in analogue form, but rather just the signal processing equipment in the train which once digitalised will allow for the use of braking curves or a better representation of the received signals in the cabin.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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